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Welcome to the MapMaker Interactive

This tutorial explains how to explore National Geographic Education's interactive GIS mapping tool and tools for customizing outline maps for print.

zoom

Use the zoom bar to go from a world view to a local view (or in cartographic terms, from a large scale to a small scale). If you zoom out to a world view, you will see that the map is in a Mercator projection.

region menus

Use the location menus at the top to zoom from a world view to a continent, country, or other region.

lat/lon

Identify your geographic position on the map using the latitude and longitude display at the bottom left. The latitude and longitude values change as you pan around the map.

tabs

Switch between different styles of base maps including a custom layer from National Geographic, satellite, terrain, and topographic views.

outline map

Using the 1-Page base map, click on a continent, country, or state to load the corresponding MapMaker 1-Page map.

outline map

You can customize and download your 1-Page map, or go back to the interactive map to explore more.

tabs

The tabs on the left offer different tools for working with the map: themes, drawing tools, and markers. Open and close the tabs by clicking the arrows.

themes

Open the Themes tab to explore a collection of map data layers.

map key

When you are viewing a map layer, click on the information icon to view the map legend.

transparency

Use the transparency scroll bar to change the transparency of map layers. This is a useful tool when you are viewing more than one layer at a time and want to explore relationships between layers.

unavailable layers

Notice that not all layers can be viewed at every zoom level. Some map layers will become unavailable when you zoom in to a large scale.

drawing tools

Use the Drawing Tools tab to access tools that allow you to draw lines and shapes and add labels to your map.

markers

Use the Markers tab to find markers that you can drag and drop on the map. You can adjust the marker size to meet your needs.

measure tool

The measure tool lets you measure distances on the map in either miles or kilometers. Select the tool, click once on the map and move your mouse. Click again and the distance value will appear along your line segment. Keep clicking and panning to measure additional segments and the total distance will display at the end of your line, by the cursor. Double-click to finish and select the arrow tool when you are done measuring.

full screen

Click on the the icon at the bottom right to view the interactive map in full-screen mode.

pop-out mode

Or click the other icon to see the map in a new web browser window.

share tools

The share tools above the map let you email, link, print, or share any map you create.

download

You can download your map as either an image file to include in a report or presentation or as an XML file that you can re-open. The XML file type is helpful if you are creating a custom map and want to come back to it to work on later.

re-open 1

To re-open a map that you save as an XML file, click Re-Open a Map

re-open 2

Then find the saved file on your computer, select, and open. Now you can continue working on your map.

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Now go explore the map to fine tune your skills as a geographer!

Senin, 02 Agustus 2010

BIOSFER XI IPS

Definisi
Biosfer adalah lapisan lingkungan di permukaan bumi, air dan atmosfer yang mendukung kehidupan organisme.
Faktor-faktor persebaran makhluk hidup
• Iklim (klimatik); suhu, curah hujan, kelembaban udara
• Keadaan tanah (edafik); humus tanah, tekstur, tingkat kegempuran, mineral organik, air tahan dan kandungan udara
• Perbedaan tinggi permukaan bumi (relief)
• Tindakan manusia (faktor biotik); mengubah bentang alam yang sudah ada.

Penyebaran flora di dunia
• Hutan
 Hutan Tropik; curah hujan 1000-2000 mm dan suhu 20oC - 30 oC
 Hutan Gugur; curah hujan 750-1000 mm dan suhu -2oC - 18oC
 Hutan Taiga; curah hujan 400-750 mm dan suhu -12oC - -10oC
• Padang rumput
 Satana; curah hujan 200-1000 mm dan suhu 20oC – 30oC
 Stepa; curah hujan 200-1000 mm dan suhu -20oC – 10oC
• Gurun
 Gurun pasir; curah hujan < 250 mm dan suhu bisa 48oC
 Tundra; curah hujan < 250 mm dan suhu < 0oC

Penyebaran hewan di dunia
 Zona Ethiopian ; Afrika tengah ke selatan
 Zona Paleartik ; sawarnya adalah pegunungan himalaya dan gurun sahara wilayahnya selusuri Eropa dan Rusia ( termasuk Siberia) Arab dan Afrika utara
 Zona Oriental ; Asia selatan dan Asia tenggara
 Zona Australian ; seluruh daratan Australia
 Zona Neoartic ; Amerika bagian utara
 Zona Neotropical ; amerika bagian tengah dan selatan (Amerika latin)

Penyebaran flora di Indonesia
Jenis hutan di Indonesia merupakan hutan di daerah 6 iklim tropis, dimana daerah lintangnya 0 – 23,5oE LU & LS, ada 4 macam yaitu
• Hutan hujan tropis, cirinya ;
 Daunnya lebar, ujungnya runcing dan tebal
 Pohon besar dan kayu keras
 Akarnya penyangga
 Memikili bungan yang berwarna-warni
 Rata-rata ketinggian 60 m
 Banyak tumbuh pohon epifit, parasit
• Hutan musim tropis
 Pohon-pohon pada musim kering beradaptasi dengan menggugurkan daunnya
 Ketinggiannya lebih rendah dari hutan hujan tropis
 Memiliki akar yang dalam
• Hutan sabana tropis
 Padang rumput, terdapat semak belukar dan pohon-pohon pendek
• Hutan mangrove
 Sepanjang pantai
 Berlumpur
 Ada pasang-surut
 Mencegah abrasi

Adapun manfaat hutan antara lain :
 Menyimpan serta mengatur persediaan air = fungsi orologis
 Menyuburkan tanah = fungsi edafis
 Mencegah erosi dan tanah longsor = fungsi edafis
 Menjaga keseimbangan air tanah = fungsi edafis
 Menghasilkan bahan mentah untuk industri dan bangunan = fungsi produksi
 Keindahan = fungsi estetis
 Mengurangi polusi udara = fungsi klimatologis

Persebaran hewan di Indonesia
 Zona asiatis / bagian barat ; harimau, gajah, badak, banteng, kera gibbon, siamang, orang utan
 Zona bagian tengah / wallace / asli Indonesia ; biawak, komodo, anoa, babi rusa, burung maleo
 Zona bagian timur ; kangguru, tikus berkantung, kasuari, cendrawasih, kakak tua

LEMBAR PERBEDAAN ANTARA FLORA DAN FAUNA YANG ADA DI INDONESIA
WILAYAH INDONESIA TENGAH
FLORA KHASNYA
1. Pinus
2. Jati Agatis
3. Anggrek putih
4. Kayu Cendana
5. Rotan
FAUNA KHASNYA
1. Anoa
2. Banteng
3. Tapir
4. Kakatua
5. Rangkong
BARAT
1. Bringin Raksasa
2. Bungai Bangkai
3. Kayu Meranti
4. Cemara
5. Kamper

1. Kera
2. Ikan Tawar
3. Orang utan
4. Harimau
5. Gajah
TIMUR
1. Tumbuhan Bakau
2. Sagu
3. Anggrek
4. Kayu putih
5. Rempah rempah

1. Cendrawasih
2. Kasuari
3. Kanguru
4. Koala
5. Burung Beo

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